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How to EMULATE STM32F103 as a MOUSE || CubeIDE || USB HID DEVICE
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Sep 13, 2020
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View Video Transcript
0:10
[Music]
0:18
hello
0:18
everyone welcome to controllers tech
0:23
today in this video i will show you guys
0:26
how to emulate stm32f103
0:29
ak a blue pill as a mouse to control the
0:32
cursor on your computer
0:34
this is more like a gravity mouse as it
0:37
involves the accelerometer
0:39
from which we get the accelerations in x
0:41
and y directions
0:43
the mouse movement will be based on
0:45
these acceleration values
0:48
let's start by creating a new project in
0:51
cube id
1:00
[Music]
1:12
give some name to the project and click
1:14
finish
1:17
[Music]
1:20
here is our cube mx first of all
1:24
i am selecting external crystal for the
1:26
clock
1:28
next select serial wire debug
1:31
now i am selecting the i2c1 to connect
1:34
the adxl345 accelerometer
1:46
next select usb and enable device fs
1:51
i am leaving everything to default here
1:54
in the usb device select the class as
1:57
hid class
2:02
you can leave everything default
2:05
i am changing the name to show that it
2:08
actually works
2:10
this is the name for my device and this
2:12
will pop up in the computer
2:14
after i connect the usb
2:21
[Music]
2:27
let's enable the on-board led also
2:33
we will use it as an indication
2:36
select the pin pa7 as the xd pin
2:39
as i will connect the button to it let's
2:42
go to the gpio setup
2:45
[Music]
2:48
pa7 is the external interrupt pin
2:51
where the mouse button will be connected
2:53
to
2:56
this is how i am going to connect the
2:58
button
3:00
when the button is pressed the 3.3 volts
3:03
will feed to the pin
3:04
pa7 and the mcu will detect a high in
3:07
the input
3:09
i know the current will sink into the
3:10
pin pa7
3:12
but as we are only using the 3.3 volts
3:15
from the mcu itself
3:16
this current won't be that much
3:23
i am changing the trigger to falling
3:25
edge you can use the rising edge also
3:31
i am using pull down here because i want
3:33
this pin to act as a ground for the
3:35
input current
3:37
also change the output of pc13 to high
3:41
so that the led is off in default state
4:06
i am setting the max clock for the
4:08
system
4:12
let's check if everything is covered we
4:15
have usb
4:16
i2c led button
4:19
i forgot to enable the interrupt for the
4:22
xd line
4:23
now all is okay so let's save this to
4:26
generate the project
4:30
[Music]
4:32
by the time we will look into the
4:34
connections
4:35
[Music]
4:41
4 5 adxl345 connected via the i2c with
4:43
pins b6
4:45
and b7 it is powered with 3.3 volts from
4:49
the mcu itself
5:03
[Music]
5:07
here we have our main file
5:11
[Music]
5:13
let's first include the usb hid.h
5:22
file
5:28
[Music]
5:32
open the usb device.c and copy the usb
5:35
handle typedef from here
5:47
i have created a structure for mouse
5:49
data which includes button
5:51
x value y value and the wheel
5:55
it should be created in the same order
6:02
i am initializing everything with the
6:04
zero
6:20
let's create the adxl related functions
6:25
i have already covered these in the
6:27
previous videos
6:29
you can check it on the top right corner
6:37
before proceeding further let's declare
6:39
some variables
6:41
that we are going to use these are the
6:44
minimum
6:45
and maximum values for x and y
6:48
these will change after we calibrate the
6:50
sensor
6:52
button flag will be use in the interrupt
6:55
handler
6:56
here is the function to calibrate the
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adxl
6:59
values i am reading the adxl raw values
7:05
after taking 50 samples this function
7:08
will set the new max
7:09
and new minimum values this whole
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process will take 5
7:14
seconds and once completed the led on
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board will light up to indicate the
7:28
completion
7:33
now let's write for the external
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interrupt
7:36
we need the xd callback function for
7:42
this
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if the interrupt is triggered by the pin
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pa7
7:50
then set the button flag to 1.
7:53
rest of the processing for the button
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will be done in the while loop
8:02
let's move to the main function now
8:05
initialize the adxl calibrate it
8:13
now in the while loop we will get new x
8:16
and y values
8:27
if the x value is less than the minimum
8:30
x value
8:31
we have our new x value which is the
8:33
difference between them
8:42
and if the x value is greater than the
8:44
maximum x value
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then the new x value will be the
8:48
difference between them
8:53
this is basically to make sure that the
8:55
little movement of the sensor doesn't
8:56
get updated as the mouse movement
8:59
we do the similar things for the y
9:06
values
9:14
let's give a delay of 10 milliseconds
9:17
first we will test this part of the code
9:20
to make sure the data is correct
9:22
and as per our requirement let's build
9:26
this code
9:26
and debug it
9:33
right now the sensor is calibrating for
9:36
my orientation
9:38
green light is on so the calibration is
9:41
done
9:42
check the values here we have new max
9:45
values
9:45
and new minimum values note that when i
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tilt towards right
9:50
the y values are increasing in positive
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way
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tilting towards left and y values are
10:02
negative
10:05
tilting towards the front x becomes
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negative
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and towards back x becomes positive
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in this diagram the red color is
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computer's axis
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and green color is our values
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as you can see in the right direction
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computer have positive x axis
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and we have positive y values and
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in the upward direction computer have
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negative y values
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and we have negative x values so
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all we need to do is send the sensors y
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values to the x coordinate of the mouse
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and sensors x values to the y coordinate
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of the mouse
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if the variation in the x values is more
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than 20
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we will send the value to the
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y-coordinate of the mouse
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and the same for the x-coordinate of the
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mouse
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here i chose 20 and you can choose any
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other number also
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based on how sensitive you want the
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mouse to be
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if the values are less than 20 there
11:42
will be no changes in the coordinates
11:50
now our data is ready to be sent to the
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usb
11:56
send report function is used to send the
11:59
data to the usb
12:08
let's build this we have a warning but
12:11
that's okay
12:13
let's debug our code now
12:32
i will directly run this
12:38
let's open the device manager
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or better open the devices in the
12:47
settings
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i am opening the devices to show you how
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the mouse will be detected
12:54
let's connect the usb now
12:59
[Music]
13:02
as you can see stm32f103 mouse
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gets detected here it's being detected
13:09
in the mouse or keyboard category
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also windows is detecting it as a mouse
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as i lift it up you can see the cursor
13:18
is moving
13:20
but let's reset it once so the code can
13:23
calibrate sensor for this orientation
13:29
[Music]
13:31
led is on so the calibration is done
13:35
you can see the movement is as per the
13:37
tilting of the device
13:39
but this acceleration is too fast
13:43
i want to slow this down
13:51
to do so i need to reduce these values
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so i am dividing them by three you can
13:57
choose any other divisor based on how
13:59
much acceleration you want
14:02
we also need to add the button to the
14:04
mouse
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if you remember in the interrupt
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callback function
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we set the button flag now
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if the button flag is 1 we will write
14:14
value 1 to the button of the mouse
14:17
value 1 indicates the left click
14:21
if you want to emulate the right click
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write the value 2.
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after writing the value send the report
14:28
to indicate the click
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we also need to send the button value as
14:32
0
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to indicate the button was released
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let's add a delay of 50 milliseconds
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between these reports
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so first click and then released
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and in the end set the button flag to
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zero
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let's build and run now
15:01
again we will do the calibration first
15:19
[Music]
15:21
you can see movement is pretty smooth
15:24
the button works too i have found out
15:27
that this button works better
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if we set the rising edge trigger to the
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external interrupt
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so you can try that if you have some
15:38
issues
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anyway single click and double click
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works all right here also
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[Music]
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this is it for this video i hope you
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understood the process
16:16
you can use any other accelerometer also
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for example
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gy 500 or something similar
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in the next video i will cover the
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keyboard part
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where i will try to emulate stm32f103 as
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a keyboard
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you can download the code from the link
16:36
in the description
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keep watching be safe and have a nice
16:41
day ahead
16:51
[Music]
17:10
[Music]
17:23
[Music]
17:24
you
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